仙鹤草不同提取部位的抗炎作用研究

目的考察仙鹤草不同提取部位的抗炎作用。方法采用醋酸扭体法、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法、磷酸组胺致毛细血管通透性增加实验,探讨仙鹤草醇提取部位、仙鹤草正丁醇提取部位、仙鹤草乙酸乙酯提取部位的抗炎作用。结果与模型组比较,仙鹤草醇提取部位、正丁醇提取部位能减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数(P<0.05、P<0.05)、能抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀(P<0.05、P<0.05),能够降低磷酸组胺致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加(P<0.05、P<0.05)。结论仙鹤草具有明显的抗急性炎症的作用,其活性主要集中于正丁醇提取部位。     

Altered resting‐state functional connectivity and effective connectivity of the habenula in irritable bowel syndrome: A cross‐sectional and machine learning study

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder involving dysfunctional brain–gut interactions characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and negative emotion. Previous studies have linked the habenula to the pathophysiology of negative emotion and pain. However, no studies to date have investigated habenular function in IBS patients. In this study, we investigated the resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and effective connectivity of the habenula in 34 subjects with IBS and 34 healthy controls and assessed the feasibility of differentiating IBS patients from healthy controls using a machine learning method. Our results showed significantly enhanced rsFC of the habenula‐left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and habenula‐periaqueductal grey (PAG, dorsomedial part), as well as decreased rsFC of the habenula‐right thalamus (dorsolateral part), in the IBS patients compared with the healthy controls. Habenula‐thalamus rsFC was positively correlated with pain intensity (r = .467, p = .005). Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) revealed significantly decreased effective connectivity from the right habenula to the right thalamus in the IBS patients compared to the healthy controls that was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = ?.407, p = .017). In addition, IBS was classified with an accuracy of 71.5% based on the rsFC of the habenula‐dlPFC, habenula‐thalamus, and habenula‐PAG in a support vector machine (SVM), which was further validated in an independent cohort of subjects (N = 44, accuracy = 65.2%, p = .026). Taken together, these findings establish altered habenular rsFC and effective connectivity in IBS, which extends our mechanistic understanding of the habenula's role in IBS.     

Engaging Students with Visual Stories: Using Infographics in Nursing Education

Infographics represent visual stories which engage and guide audiences to the realization of patterns, relationships, and conclusions. Infographics help capture attention and make complex knowledge understandable, making them a useful teaching-learning strategy. Although infographics can be effective to engage students, they are infrequently used because of educator inexperience with this technology. This article provides an overview for incorporating infographics in nursing education including evidence-informed step-by-step guidelines and resources for designing and sharing infographics.     

中药有效成分有机-无机杂化纳米载体的研究进展

纳米载体在改善中药有效成分溶解性、生物膜透过性与生物体内行为、增效减毒等方面发挥着重要作用,具有广阔的应用前景。作为新型纳米载体,有机-无机杂化纳米载体由有机和无机材料或载体复合而形成,结合了两者的优势,能够更好地发挥其在药物递送中的作用,提高药物稳定性、载药量和生物相容性,并可以实现多功能化。笔者对近年来国内外中药有效成分有机-无机杂化纳米载体的研究和应用情况进行了总结与分析,并展望其发展前景,可为高效安全递送中药有效成分的新型递药系统的研究提供参考。     

化瘀通痹方对活动期类风湿关节炎疗效及血清内TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP变化的研究

目的分析化瘀通痹方对活动期类风湿关节炎患者的疗效及患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的变化情况。方法选取2016年8月-2018年8月收治的活动期类风湿关节炎患者104例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(西医常规治疗)和观察组(西医常规治疗基础上联合化瘀通痹方治疗),分析两组患者治疗后的临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为92.31%(48/52),对照组为76.92%(40/52),观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前症状、体征情况组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后晨僵持续时间短于对照组,关节压痛和关节肿胀积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、葡萄糖6磷酸异构酶(GPI)、类风湿因子(RF)、血肿瘤坏死因子样配体1A(TL1A)水平组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、GPI、RF、TL1A水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前28处关节疾病活动度(DAS28)积分组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后DAS28积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论化瘀通痹方治疗活动期类风湿关节炎可改善患者临床症状,降低患者TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、GPI的表达水平,提高疗效。     

Neurophysiology of motor skill learning in chronic stroke

ObjectiveMotor learning is relevant in chronic stroke for acquiring compensatory strategies to motor control deficits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill acquisition with the paretic upper limb have received little systematic investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of corticomotor excitability and intracortical inhibition within ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during motor skill learning.MethodsTen people at the chronic stage after stroke and twelve healthy controls trained on a sequential visuomotor isometric wrist extension task. Skill was quantified before, immediately after, 24 hours and 7 days post-training. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine corticomotor excitability and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) pre- and post-training.ResultsThe patient group exhibited successful skill acquisition and retention, although absolute skill level was lower compared with controls. In contrast to controls, patients’ ipsilesional corticomotor excitability was not modulated during skill acquisition, which may be attributed to excessive ipsilesional LICI relative to controls. SICI decreased after training for both patient and control groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate distinct inhibitory networks within M1 that may be relevant for motor learning after stroke.SignificanceThese findings have potential clinical relevance for neurorehabilitation adjuvants aimed at augmenting the recovery of motor function.     

基于生物量、活性物质积累和抗氧化能力的当归高海拔种植区域选择

目的以根茎生物量、活性物质含量以及抗氧化能力为指标,选择适宜提高当归品质的高海拔种植区域。方法在严格控制种质、水分和土壤养分的条件下,以不同海拔(2 100、2 500和2 900 m)2年生当归根茎为材料,分别对干质量、活性物质含量以及抗氧化能力进行测定与分析。结果高海拔虽不能促进当归根茎生物量,却显著提高了活性物质的积累量和抗氧化能力;以单株积累量计算,2 900 m未抽薹当归根茎中阿魏酸、可溶性糖、酚和黄酮类含量分别为2 100 m植株的2.06、1.13、1.34和1.15倍;体外抗氧化能力也随海拔升高逐渐增加。综合分析表明,在2 100～2 900 m海拔内,未抽薹当归根茎中活性物质的总积累量(干质量和单株)均随海拔升高逐渐增加。结论提升当归种植海拔高度可显著提高根茎活性物质量;活性物质生物合成与积累受到低温和光照的综合调控。该研究结果将为提高当归产量和品质以及大面积种植栽培提供理论基础与依据。     

Family nurture intervention alters relationships between preterm infant EEG delta brush characteristics and term age EEG power

ObjectiveFamily Nurture Intervention (FNI) facilitates mother/infant emotional connection, improves neurodevelopmental outcomes and increases electroencephalogram (EEG) power at term age. Here we explored whether delta brushes (DB), early EEG bursts that shape brain development, are altered by FNI and mediate later effects of FNI on EEG.MethodsWe assessed DB characteristics in EEG data from a randomized controlled trial comparing infants with standard care (SC, n = 31) versus SC + FNI (n = 33) at ~35 and ~40 weeks GA.ResultsCompared to SC infants, FNI infant DB amplitude increased more from ~35 to ~40 weeks, and FNI infants had longer duration DBs. DB parameters (rate, amplitude, brush frequency) at ~35 weeks were correlated with power at ~40 weeks, but only in SC infants. FNI effects on DB parameters do not mediate FNI effects on EEG power or coherence at term.ConclusionsDBs are related to subsequent brain activity and FNI alters DB parameters. However, FNI’s effects on electrocortical activity at term age are not dependent on its earlier effects on DBs.SignificanceWhile early DBs can have important effects on later brain activity in preterm infants, facilitating emotional connection with FNI may allow brain maturation to be less dependent on early bursts.     

WT1基因与急性髓系白血病的预后及主动特异性免疫治疗的研究进展

WT1基因位于人类染色体11p13，在80%的急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）患者中高表达，是AML预后不良的分子标志，可作为AML预后评估和微小残留病变（minimal residual disease，MRD）监测的有效指标。由于WT1在AML中均有异常高表达，故认为是一种AML抗原，可作为特异性免疫治疗的新靶点。一些小规模的临床试验证实以WT1为靶点的免疫治疗是有效的、安全的，这些免疫治疗可作为那些有高危复发风险及初始标准化疗失败的AML患者的辅助治疗。本文就近几年WT1与AML的预后及有关以WT1为靶点的主动特异性免疫治疗的研究进展予以综述。